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Network Interconnecting Devices

 Network Interconnecting Devices

  • Hubs
  • Repeaters
  • Switches
  • Routers
  • Gateways 

Introduction 
An interconnecting device is any device that can enable computers to exchange data on a network 

it is a backbone of a network 

HUBS:-

It is a network device 
A hub is basically a multiport repeater
hubs are a common connection points for a device in a network and are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN and have multiple ports
Hubs is a layer 1 Device 

100 meter using hubs 
Hub maximum speed 100 Mb/s
can  only transmit in one direction at one time (HALF DUPLEX )

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Repeater:-

Repeater is a device used to regenerate the signal over same network 
A repeater connects segments of a LAN 
a repeater is a device that operate  only at the physical layer of OSI model 

A repeater operates at the physical layer. Its job is to regenerate the signal over the same network before the signal becomes too weak or corrupted so as to extend the length to which the signal can be transmitted over the same network. An important point to be noted about repeaters is that they do not amplify the signal. When the signal becomes weak, they copy the signal bit by bit and regenerate it at the original strength. It is a 2 port device. 

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Bridge:-





Bridge is a device used to connect two separate ethernet network into one extended ethernet that uses same protocol
bridging occurs at the data link layer of the osi model 
which means the bridge cannot read ip addresss, but only the outermost hardware addresss of the packet.
The hardware address is also called the  MAC (media access control) address

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Switches

A network switch is a networking device that connects device together on a computer networks by using packet switching to receive, process and forward data to the destination device.

it process that data at the data link layer and network layer of the OSI model

perform the data link layer function that's is it looks at each (packets or data) unit and determines from a physical address(MAC Address)

Also called as multilayer switch because it works on two different layers


send packets to the specific device 
simultaneous data transmission (FULL DUPLEX=can send and receive frames at the same time )
speed 1Gp/s
length limitaion 100m 
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Routers

Routing the data one network form another Network 


A router is a three layer device 
it operates in the physical, data link, and network layers.
As a physical layer, it regenerates the signal it receives.
As a data link layer device. the route checks the physical address (source and destination)
contained in the packet.
As a network layer device. A router checks the network layer address (address in the IP layer).
A router can connect LANs together 
A router can connect WANs together 
A router can connect LANs and WANs together 

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Gateway:-




Gateway is a component that is part two networks, which use different protocols.
it operates at all seven layer of OSI models
unlike a router a gateway can forward packets across different network that may also use different protocol

for eg:- if network a is token ring network using TCP/IP and 
Network B is in a ethernet network a gateway can relay frames between these two networks. 
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